Condition & Loops

age = 18
if age >= 18:
    print("Adult")
elif age < 5:
    print("child")
else:
    print("Minor")

def my_adder(a, b, c):
    """
    Calculate the sum of three numbers
    author
    date
    """

    # Check for erroneous input
    if not (
        isinstance(a, (int, float))
        or isinstance(b, (int, float))
        or isinstance(c, (int, float))
    ):
        raise TypeError("Inputs must be numbers.")
    # Return output
    return a + b + c

# Testing the my_adder function
result = my_adder(1, 2, 3)
print(f"Result: {result}")  # Returns 6

# Testing error handling (uncomment to test)
# try:
#     result = my_adder(1, '2', 3)
#     print(result)
# except TypeError as e:
#     print(f"Error: {e}")  # Raises TypeError: Inputs must be numbers.

is_student = True
person = 'student' if is_student else 'not student'
print(person)

# For loop
fruits = [1, 2, "apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits:
    print(fruit)

# While loop
count = 0
while count < 3:
    print(count)
    count += 1

# List
print("Looping through a list:")
for item in fruits:
    print(item)

# Tuple
my_tuple = (10, 20, 30)
print("Looping through a tuple:")
for item in my_tuple:
    print(item)

# Dictionary (keys)
my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'}
print("Looping through a dictionary (keys):")
for key in my_dict:
    print(key, ":", my_dict[key])

# Dictionary (items)
print("Looping through a dictionary (items):")
for key, value in my_dict.items():
    print(key, ":", value)

# range() generates a sequence of numbers.
# Syntax: range(start, stop, step)
# - start: The first number (default is 0)
# - stop: The sequence ends before this number (required)
# - step: Difference between each number (default is 1)

# Example 1: range(5) -> [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
print("Example 1: range(5)")
for i in range(5):
    print(i)

# Example 2: range(2, 7) -> [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print("Example 2: range(2, 7)")
for i in range(2, 7):
    print(i)

# Example 3: range(1, 10, 2) -> [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
print("Example 3: range(1, 10, 2)")
for i in range(1, 10, 2):
    print(i)

# Converting range to a list
numbers = list(range(5))  # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
print("Converting range to list:")
print(numbers)

# Basic list comprehension
squares = [x**2 for x in range(5)]
print("Basic list comprehension:")
print(squares)

# List comprehension with condition
even_squares = [x**2 for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0]
print("List comprehension with condition:")
print(even_squares)

# Dictionary comprehension
square_dict = {x: x**2 for x in range(5)}
print("Dictionary comprehension:")
print(square_dict)

# Dictionary comprehension from a list of tuples
tuples = [('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]
tuple_dict = {key: value for key, value in tuples}
print("Dictionary comprehension from tuples:")
print(tuple_dict)

# Set comprehension
unique_squares = {x**2 for x in range(-3, 4)}
print("Set comprehension:")
print(unique_squares)

# Generator function
def fibonacci_generator(n):
    a, b = 0, 1
    for _ in range(n):
        yield a
        a, b = b, a + b

# Using generator
fib = fibonacci_generator(10)
print("Using generator:")
print(list(fib))

# Generator expression
squares_gen = (x**2 for x in range(5))
print("Generator expression:")
print(list(squares_gen))

# Using range (which is an iterator)
print("Using range as iterator:")
for i in range(3):
    print(i)

# enumerate - useful for getting index and value
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print("Using enumerate:")
for index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
    print(f"{index}: {fruit}")

# zip - combining multiple iterables
names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]
ages = [25, 30, 35]
print("Using zip:")
for name, age in zip(names, ages):
    print(f"{name} is {age} years old")